The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.